MS-DOS 6.22 FOR WINDOWS DEMO

MS-DOS 6.22 FOR WINDOWS HDD DEMO

MS-DOS 6.22 FOR WINDOWS RAM DEMO

MS-DOS 6.2, 5.0 BOOT FROM USB

MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS СПРАВОЧНИК

Внимание:

Вся информация изложенная в справочнике относится только к продуктам данного проекта!

При работе с MS-DOS может быть полезна следующая информация:

Доп справка по MS-DOS

• 1: Последние изменения в FAQ
• 2: Описание этого документа
• 3: Безопасность
  • 3.1: Почему жалуются антивирусы?
  • 3.2: Безопасны ли программы на этом сайте?
  • 3.3: Безопасно ли покупать программы с этого сайта?
• 4: Сбои и ошибки
  • 4.1: Не удалось найти MSDOS.SYS
  • 4.2: Не удалось найти GRLDR.MBR
  • 4.3: Не удалось найти command.com
    • 4.3.1: Бесконечная загрузка MS-DOS
    • 4.3.2: После установки MS-DOS пункт запуска системы не появился в загрузочном меню windows.
    • 4.3.3: Macintosh browsers
    • 4.3.4: Amiga browsers
    • 4.3.5: NeXTStep browsers
    • 4.2.6: X/DecWindows (graphical UNIX, VMS) browsers
    • 4.3.7: Text-based Unix and VMS browsers
    • 4.3.8: Batch-mode "browsers"
  • 4.4: How can I access the web through a firewall?
  • 4.5: What is on the web?
    • 4.5.1: How do I find out what's new on the web?
    • 4.6.2: Where is the subject catalog of the web?
    • 4.5.3: How can I search through ALL web sites?
  • 4.6: How can I save an inline image to disk?
  • 4.7: How can I get sound from the PC speaker with WinMosaic?
  • 4.8: I have a Windows PC (or a Macintosh). Why can't I open WAIS URLs?
  • 4.9: I'm running XMosaic. Why can't I get external viewers working?
  • 4.10: Hey, I know, I'll write a WWW-exploring robot! Why not?
  • 4.11: How do I send newsgroup posts in HTML to my web client?
• 5: Актуальное
  5.1: Можно ли установить 2 копии MS-DOS, на одном ПК?
  • 5.2: Чем отличаются MFW HDD, MFW RAM?
    • 5.2.1: Какие ограничения у demo версии MFW?
    • 5.2.2: Почему нельзя установить MS-DOS, на компьютер с UEFI?
    • 5.2.3: Как установить программы и драйвера, в MS-DOS 6.22, с RAM загрузкой?
    • 5.2.4: Как скопировать систему на другой компьютер?
    • 5.2.5: Как удалить MS-DOS?
    • 5.2.6: Как установить MS-DOS на HDD?
  • 5.3: Как установить MS-DOS в RAM?
    • 5.3.1: MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS ULTIMATE
    • 5.3.2: HTML editors
    • 5.3.3: Converting other formats to HTML
  • 5.4: How do I publicize my work?
  • 5.5: Can I buy space on an existing server?
  • 5.6: Менее актуальное
    • 5.6.1: Не удалится ли windows после установки MS-DOS?
    • 5.6.2: Можно ли установить MS-DOS на одном разделе с windows?
    • 5.6.3: Where can I learn how to create fill-out forms?
      • 5.6.3.1: How can I create hidden fields in forms (keeping state)?
    • 5.6.4: How do I comment an HTML document?
    • 5.6.5: How can I create decent-looking tables and stop using <PRE>...</PRE>?
    • 5.6.6: What is HTML Level 3 and where can I learn more about it?
    • 5.6.7: How can I make transparent GIFs?
    • 5.6.8: Which format is better for WWW images, JPEG or GIF?
    • 5.6.9: How can I mirror part of another server?
    • 5.6.10: How come mailto: URLs don't work?
    • 5.6.11: How can I restrict and control access to my server?
• 6: Законность MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS
• 7: MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS.
• 8: MS-DOS BOOT FROM USB

1: Последние изменения в FAQ

• 1/1: Первое наполнение справки(30.07.2023)

2: Описание этого документа

Форумы тематических сайтов: FORUM OLD-DOS.RU,
ПОЛИГОН ПРИЗРАКОВ
(до оглавления)

3: Безопасность

3.1: Почему жалуются антивирусы?

(до оглавления)

3.2: Безопасны ли программы на этом сайте?

(до оглавления)

3.3: Безопасно ли покупать программы с этого сайта?

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.1: Не удалось найти MSDOS.SYS

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.2: Не удалось найти GRLDR.MBR

4.3: Не удалось найти command.com

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.3.1: Бесконечная загрузка MS-DOS

Бесконечная загрузка MS-DOS может произойти в результате зависания, при инициализации драйверов, по причине не совместимости с оборудованием вашего ПК. Также возможен сбой в результате запуска ПО, не совместимого с вашим ПК или содержащим ошибки. Также некоторые программы могут работать не корректно, на современных процессорах, из за быстроты вычислений, такие программы не стоит добавлять в автозапуск, так как они могут стать причиной зависания MS-DOS. (Up to Table of Contents)

4.3.2: После установки MS-DOS пункт запуска системы не появился в загрузочном меню windows.

Такое может быть если в загрузочном меню windows установлен тайм-аут 0 секунд, из за чего меню не отображается. Исправить эту программу можно путём установки тайм-аут, с помощью bootice, через редактор bcd. Рекомендуется установить время от 10, до 30 секунд. (Up to Table of Contents)

4.3.3: Macintosh browsers

NOTE: These browsers require that you have SLIP, PPP or other TCP/IP networking on your PC. SLIP or PPP can be accomplished over phone lines, but only with the active cooperation of your network provider or educational institution. If you only have normal dialup shell access, your best option at this time is to run Lynx on the Unix (or VMS, or...) system you call, or telnet to a browser if you cannot do so.

Mosaic for Macintosh

From NCSA. Full featured. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in the directory Mac/Mosaic.

Samba

From CERN. Basic. Available by anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the directory /ftp/pub/www/bin as the file mac.

MacWeb

From EINet. Has features that Mosaic lacks; lacks some features that Mosaic has. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.einet.net in the directory einet/mac/macweb.

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4.3.4: Amiga browsers

AMosaic

Browser for AmigaOS, based on NCSA's Mosaic. Supports older Amigas as well as the newer machines in the latest versions, I am told; available for anonymous ftp from max.physics.sunysb.edu in the directory /pub/amosaic, or from aminet sites in /pub/aminet/comm/net. see the site for details. See the URL http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/AMosaic/home.html.

4.3.5: NeXTStep browsers

Note: NeXT systems can also run X-based browsers using one of the widely used X server products for the NeXT. The browsers listed here, by contrast, are native NeXTStep applications.

OmniWeb

A World Wide Web browser for NeXTStep. The URL for more information is http://www.omnigroup.com/; you can ftp the package from ftp.omnigroup.com in the /pub/software/ directory.

WorldWideWeb, CERN's NeXT Browser-Editor

A browser/editor for NeXTStep. Currently out of date; editor not operational. Allows wysiwyg hypertext editing. Requires NeXTStep 3.0. Available for anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the directory /pub/www/src.

4.3.6: X/DecWindows (graphical UNIX, VMS) browsers

NCSA Mosaic for X

Unix browser using X11/Motif. Multimedia magic. Full http 1.0 support including PUT-method forms, image maps, etc. Recommended if you can run it. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in the directory Mosaic.

NCSA Mosaic for VMS

Browser using X11/DecWindows/Motif. For the VMS operating system. Multimedia magic. Full http 1.0 support including PUT-method forms, image maps, etc. Recommended if you can run it. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in the directory Mosaic.

tkWWW Browser/Editor for X11

Unix Browser/Editor for X11. (Beta test version.) Available for anonymous ftp from harbor.ecn.purdue.edu in the directory tkwww[extension] (followed by an extension possibly dependent on the current version). Please ftp to the site and look for the latest version (or use the link above). Supports WSYIWYG HTML editing.

MidasWWW Browser

A Unix/X browser from Tony Johnson. (Beta, works well.)

Viola for X (Beta)

Viola has two versions for Unix/X: one using Motif, one using Xlib (no Motif). Handles HTML Level 3 forms and tables. Has extensions for multiple columning, collapsible/expandable list, client-side document include. Available by anonymous FTP from ora.com in /pub/www/viola. More information available at the URL http://xcf.berkeley.edu/ht/projects/viola/README.

Chimera

Unix/X Browser using Athena (doesn't require Motif). Supports forms, inline images, etc.; closest to Mosaic in feel of the non-Motif X11 browsers. Available for anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.unlv.edu in the directory /pub/chimera.

4.3.7: Text-mode Unix and VMS browsers

Line Mode Browser

This program gives W3 readership to anyone with a dumb terminal. A general purpose information retrieval tool. Available by anonymous ftp from info.cern.ch in the directory /pub/www/src.

The "Lynx" full screen browser

This is a hypertext browser for vt100s using full screen, arrow keys, highlighting, etc. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp2.cc.ukans.edu.

Tom Fine's perlWWW

A tty-based browser written in perl. Available by anonymous FTP from archive.cis.ohio-state.edu in the directory pub/w3browser as the file w3browser-0.1.shar.

For VMS

Dudu Rashty's full screen client based on VMS's SMG screen management routines. Available by anonymous FTP from vms.huji.ac.il in the directory www/www_client.

Emacs w3-mode

W3 browse mode for emacs. Uses multiple fonts when used with Lemacs or Epoch. See the documentation. Available by anonymous FTP from moose.cs.indiana.edu in the directory pub/elisp/w3 as the files w3.tar.Z and extras.tar.Z.

4.3.8: Batch-Mode "Browsers"

Batch mode browser

A batch-mode "browser", url_get, which is available through the URL http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/test/zippy/url_get.html. It can be retrieved via anonymous FTP to ftp.cc.utexas.edu, as the file /pub/zippy/url_get.tar.Z. This package is intended for use in cron jobs and other settings in which fetching a page in a command-line fashion is useful.

4.4: How can I access the web through a firewall?

An excerpt from the NCSA Mosaic FAQ:

NCSA Mosaic requires a direct internet connection to work, but some folks have put together a package that works behind firewalls. This is completely unsupported by NCSA, but here is the latest announcement:

November 15, 1993: C&C Software Technology Center (CSTC) of NEC Systems Lab has made available a version of SOCKS, a package for running Internet clients from behind firewalls without breaching security requirements, that includes a suitably modified version of Mosaic for X 2.0. Beware: such a version is not supported by NCSA; we can't help with questions or problems arising from the modifications made by others. But, we encourage you to check it out if it's interesting to you. Questions and problem notifications can be sent to Ying-Da Lee ([email protected]).

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.5: What is on the web?

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.5.1: How do I find out what's new on the web?

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.5.2: Where is the subject catalog of the web?

There is also a newer cataloging system called ALIWEB that requires very little effort to maintain and is growing rapidly.

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.5.3: How can I search through ALL web sites?

Here are a few such automatic indexes you can search:

• WebCrawler (URL is http://www.biotech.washington.edu/WebQuery.html) builds an impressively complete index; on the other hand, since it indexes the content of documents, it may find many links that aren't exactly what you had in mind.
• World Wide Web Worm (URL is http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html) builds its index based on page titles and URL contents only. This is somewhat less inclusive, but pages it finds are more likely to be an exact match with your needs.

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4.6: How can I save an inline image to disk?

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4.7: How can I get sound from the PC speaker with WinMosaic?

To get Mosaic to produce sound out of the PC speaker, first, you need a driver for the speaker. You can get the Microsoft speaker driver from the URL ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/SPEAK.EXE or by doing an Archie search to find it somewhere else. SPEAK.EXE is a self-extracting file. Copy the speak.exe file to a new directory, and then type "SPEAK" at the DOS prompt. Do not put the file SPEAKER.DRV in a separate directory from OEMSETUP.INF.

Now, you need to install the driver. In Windows, from the Program Manager choose successively Main/Control Panel/Drivers/Add/Unlisted or updated drivers/(enter path of SPEAK.EXE)/PC Speaker. At this point some strange sounds come out as the driver is initialized. Change the settings to improve the sound quality on the various sounds: tada, chimes, etc. Click OK when you are finished and choose the Restart windows option.

Having installed the speaker driver, you will now get sounds whenever you start Windows, make a mistake, or exit Windows. If you do not want this, from the Main/Control Panel/Sounds menu, make sure there is no X next to "Enable System Sounds."

Now, you need a sound viewer program that Mosaic can call to display sounds. NCSA unfortunately recommend WHAM, which does not work well with a PC speaker. Get the program WPLANY instead. You can find a copy nearby with an Archie search on the string "wplny"; the current version is WPLNY09B.ZIP. For details on archie and other basic issues related to FTP, please read the Usenet newsgroup news.announce.newusers.

Move the zip file to a new directory, and use an unzip program like pkunzip to unzip it, producing the files WPLANY.EXE and WPLANY.DOC. Then edit the MOSAIC.INI file to remove the "REM" before the line "TYPE9=audio/basic". Then, you need lines in the section below that read something like: audio/basic="c:\wplany\wplany.exe %ls" audio/wav="c:\wplany\wplany.exe %ls" where you have filled in the correct path for wplany.exe. The MOSAIC.INI file delivered with Mosaic may have NOTEPAD.EXE on the audio/basic line, but this will not work. Now, restart Mosaic, and you should now be able to produce sounds. To check this, with Mosaic choose File/Local File/\WINDOWS\*.WAV and then try to play TADA.WAV. Then, you might try the Mosaic Demo document for some .AU sounds, but you are lucky if your speaker produces something you can understand.

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4.8: I have a Windows PC or Macintosh. Why can't I access WAIS URLs?

(Up to Table of Contents)

4.9: I'm running XMosaic. Why can't I get external viewers working...

  idaknow: telnet www.acl.lanl.gov 80  // Connect to the httpd server
  Trying 128.165.148.3 ...
  Connected to www.acl.lanl.gov.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  HEAD /Home.html HTTP/1.0             // replace Home.html with your document
                                       // you supply the blank line
  HTTP/1.0 200 OK                      // the rest of this comes from the server  Date: Wednesday, 25-May-94 19:18:11 GMT
  Server: NCSA/1.1
  MIME-version: 1.0
  Content-type: text/html              // Here's the MIME Content-type
  Last-modified: Monday, 16-May-94 16:21:58 GMT
  Content-length: 1727

  
  idaknow: 

Normally servers will be configured to supply a Content-type of text/plain if they don't know what else to do. If this is the problem you are having, take a look at the TypesConfig documentation for NCSA's httpd. You can have the server look at the filename extension, supply the correct Content-type, then use your local .mailcap file to tell Mosaic what viewer to use to look at the document.

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4.10: Hey, I know, I'll write a WWW-exploring robot! Why not?

The moral: a robot that does what you want may already exist; if it doesn't, please study the document World Wide Web Robots, Wanderers and Spiders (URL is: http://web.nexor.co.uk/mak/doc/robots/robots.html) and learn about the emerging standards for exclusion of robots from areas in which they are not wanted. You can also read about existing robots there.

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4.11: How do I send newsgroup posts in HTML to my web client?

#!/bin/sh
echo \ > .article.html
cat >> .article.html
echo \ >> .article.html
lynx .article.html < /dev/tty
rm .article.html

W     |readwebpost %C

Larry W. Virden provides the following version which invokes Mosaic instead, and is also capable of communicating with an already-running copy of Mosaic instead of launching another. (You can use the same rn macro as above, invoking "goto-xm" instead of "readwebpost".) Read the comments for details on the assumptions made by the script.

#! /bin/sh
# goto-xm, by Joseph T. Buck 
# Modified heavily by Larry W. Virden 
# Script for use with newsreaders such as trn.  Piping the article
# through this command causes xmosaic to pop up, pointing to the
# article.  If an existing xmosaic (version 1.1 or later) exists,
# the USR1 method will be used to cause it to point to the correct
# article, otherwise a new one will be started.

# assumptions: ps command works as is on SunOS 4.1.x, may need changes
# on other platforms.

URL=`/bin/grep '^Message-ID:' | /bin/sed -e 's/.*</news:/' -e 's/>.*//'`
if [ "X$URL" = "X" ]; then
        echo "USAGE: $0 [goto] [once] < USENET_msg" >&2
        exit 1
fi

pid=`ps -xc | egrep '[Mm]osaic' | awk 'NR == 1 {print $1}'`
p=`which Mosaic`
gfile=/tmp/Mosaic.$pid

$p "$URL" &

if      [ "$#" -gt 0 ] ; then
  if    [ "$1" = "goto" -o "$1" = "same" ] ; then
        shift
        echo "goto"   > $gfile
  else
        echo "newwin" > $gfile
  fi
else
        echo "newwin" > $gfile
fi
/bin/awk 'END { printf "'"$URL"'" }' </dev/null >> $gfile

trap "echo signal encountered" 30
kill -USR1 $pid

exit 0

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5.1: Можно ли установить 2 копии MS-DOS, на одном ПК?

Если вы планируете установить MS-DOS из под windows, спомощью MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS, то в этом случае можно установить только одну копию системы MS-DOS. Это касается как MFW HDD, так и MFW RAM. Также не получится установить одновременно MFW HDD и MFW RAM. Если вы установили одну из версий MFW, и хотите установить другую версию, то перед установкой иной версии нужно удалить загрузочную запись предыдущей версии, сделать это можно выполнив команды 2 команда, в командной строке, запущенной от имени администратора:

1) Команда:

PATH "%windir%\sysnative"

2) Команда:

bcdedit /delete {AA48ABEF-FF35-4f09-874F-4CFF92467DC4}

(до оглавления)

5.2: Чем отличаются MFW HDD, MFW RAM?

(до оглавления)

5.2.1: Какие ограничения у demo версии MFW

5.2.2: Почему нельзя установить MS-DOS, на компьютер с UEFI?

(до оглавления)

5.2.3: Как установить программы и драйвера, в MS-DOS 6.22, с RAM загрузкой?

Если MS-DOS была установлена в режиме RAM загрузки, то все изменения на виртуальном RAM диске после перезагрузки системы не сохраняются. Дело в том что при запуске RAM версии MS-DOS, в RAM память процессора записывается образ виртуального диска(DOS.IMA), с этой системой, то есть в RAM памяти создаётся виртуальный диск, после чего с этого диска запускается сама система, передачей управления загрузчику IO.SYS. После выключения питания компьютера RAM память процессора очищается. При повторном запуске системы, весь процесс повторяется. Поэтому для внесения изменений в систему нужно редактировать виртуальный образ диска, который находится на системном диске(обычно это C:\DOS.IMA). Редактирование образа осуществляется с помощью ultraiso или аналогичных программ. Эти программы открывают образ как папку с файлами. Для настройки системы и установки драйверов нужно редактировать файлы Autoexec.bat и Config.sys, подробнее тут: Доп справка по MS-DOS. Программы и драйвера копируются во внутрь оброза. (до оглавления)

5.2.4: Как скопировать систему на другой компьютер?

Для переноса системы подходит только HDD версия MS-DOS. Для того чтобы перенести MS-DOS на другой компьютер нужно для начала установить чистую версию системы, с помощью MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS HDD. После этого нужно скопировать файлы вашей прежней системы, на тот диск где вы установили свежую версию, с заменой файлов.

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5.2.5: Как удалить MS-DOS?

Для MS-DOS HDD запустите командную строку, от имени администратора и выполните команды:
1)PATH "%windir%\sysnative"
2)bcdedit /delete {AA48ABEF-FF35-4f09-874F-4CFF92467DC4}
После чего форматируйте диск, где установлен MS-DOS. Для удаления MS-DOS lite, в комплекте с программой установки идёт утилита uninstall, её нужно запустить от имени администратора. Процесс удаления проходит автоматически

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5.2.6: Как установить MS-DOS на HDD?

Для начала нужно отключить все антивирусы и запустить программу от имени администратора. Далее ждём процесс загрузки программы и выбираем букву нужного диска(диск должен быть первым по счету, раздел может быть любой). Размер раздела должен быть не более 2gb После этого выбираем файловую систему fat 16. После этого сразу начнется установка, после которой компьютер перезагрузиться. На этом процесс установки завершён.

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5.3: Producing HTML documents

HTML is the simple markup system used to create hypertext documents. There are three ways to produce HTML documents: writing them yourself, which is not a very difficult skill to acquire, using an HTML editor, which assists in doing the above, and converting documents in other formats to HTML. The following three sections cover these possibilities in sequence.

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5.3.1: Writing HTML documents yourself

You can write an HTML document with any text editor. Try the "source" button of your browser to look at the HTML for a page you find particularly interesting. The odds are that it will be a great deal simpler than you would expect. If you're used to marking up text in any way (even red-pencilling it), HTML should be rather intuitive.

A beginner's guide to HTML is available at the URL http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimer.html. You can also find a plain text version (at the URL ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ncsapubs/WWW/HTMLPrimer.txt) and a compressed Postscript version (at the URL ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ncsapubs/WWW/HTMLPrimer.txt). (Since the latter two are FTP URLs, you can fetch them by hand using FTP if you do not yet have a web browser.)

There is also a good set of HTML documentation available at the URL http://www.ucc.ie/info/net/htmldoc.html.

There is also an HTML primer by Nathan Torkington at the URL http://www.vuw.ac.nz/who/Nathan.Torkington/ideas/www-html.html.

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5.3.2: HTML editors

Of course, most folks would still prefer to use a friendlier, graphical editor. Some editors are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), or close to it; others simply assist you in writing HTML by plugging in the desired markup tags for you from a menu.

Fans of the EMACS editor can use EMACS and html-helper-mode , an EMACS "mode" for HTML editing (URL is http://www.reed.edu/~nelson/tools/).

There is also another Emacs HTML mode, html-mode.el (URL is ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web/elisp/html-mode.el).

For Microsoft Windows users, there is an editor called HTML Assistant with features to assist in the creation of HTML documents. It can be had by anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.dal.ca in the directory /htmlasst/. Read the README.1ST file in this directory for information on which files to download.

A WYSIWYG editor for the Web, *SoftQuad HoTMetaL*, is available for downloading at NCSA and other Mosaic server sites. Many mirror sites exist; if you can't get through to one, try another, don't give up! That's what mirror sites are for. (Also be sure to use the copy closest to you geographically if possible.)

Known mirrors:

• ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Mosaic/contrib/SoftQuad/sqhotmetal-1.0.tar.gz
• ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/HoTMetaL
• ftp://sgml1.ex.ac.uk/SoftQuad
• ftp://doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/packages/WWW/ncsa/contrib/SoftQuad
• ftp://askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/infosystems/mosaic/contrib/SoftQuad
• ftp://ftp.cs.concordia.ca/pub/www

You need a Sun SPARC or Microsoft Windows system and 6MB of disk (6MB of RAM minimum for MS Windows). Because it is context-sensitive, HoTMetaL guides users in creating new HTML documents and in cleaning up old ones. A Publish command changes appropriate SRC and HREF attributes from local paths to http locations. For more information, FTP the README file from the same directory, or send email to [email protected]. A HoTMetaL Pro commercially supported version is available for purchase from SoftQuad and its resellers.

An editor for all X users: TkWWW (listed above under X browsers) supports WYSIWYG HTML editing; and since it's a browser, you can try out links immediately after creating them.

Also for X users, there is a package called htmltext which supports WYSIWYG HTML editing. More information is available at the URL http://web.cs.city.ac.uk/homes/njw/htmltext/htmltext.html.

For Macintosh users, there is evidently a near-WYSIWYG package called HTML Editor (URL is http://dragon.acadiau.ca:1667/~giles/HTML_Editor).

Also for Macintosh users, the BBEdit HTML extensions allow the BBEdit and BBEdit Lite text editors for the Macintosh to conveniently edit HTML documents. (URL is http://www.uji.es/bbedit-html-extensions.html.) You can also obtain the extensions package by anonymous ftp from sumex-aim.stanford.edu as info-mac/bbedit-html-ext-b3.hqx.

There is an alternative BBEdit extension package available as well; it is available by FTP at the URL ftp://ctipsych.york.ac.uk/CTI_FTP/pub/BBEdit/BBEdit_HTML_Tools.sea.hqx.

NCSA's List of Filters and Editors, for which the URL is http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/faq-software.html#editors, mentions several editors, including two for MS Windows. In some cases, the "editor" amounts to a set of macros for an existing word processor, which can provide a near-WYSIWYG environment.

Note that this URL contains uppercase and lowercase letters; certain operating systems won't allow mixed case on the command line, or will only allow it if it is quoted (VMS), so if you are launching Lynx or another client and specifying a URL at the command line, try quoting the URL in double-quotes ("URL").

Another option, if you have an SGML editor, is to use it with the HTML DTD .

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5.3.3: Converting other formats to HTML

There is a collection of filters for converting your existing documents (in TeX and other non-HTML formats) into HTML automatically, including filters that can allow more or less WYSIWYG editing using various word processors:

Rich Brandwein and Mike Sendall's List at CERN. The URL is http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Tools/Filters.html.

(Note that this URL contains uppercase and lowercase letters; certain operating systems such as VMS require you to quote mixed-case URLs when launching a borwser from the command line. This is NOT a bug in the browser.)

There is also a Word for Windows template for writing HTML documents, available at the URL http://www.gatech.edu/word_html/release.htm.

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5.4: How do I publicize my work?

There are several things you can do to publicize your new HTML server or other offering:

• Submit it to the NCSA What's New Page at the URL http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/whats-new.html (see the page for details on how to submit your listing!).
• Post it to the newsgroup comp.infosystems.announce. Please read the group first to get a feel for the contents. You should not post to comp.infosystems.www.users,.misc,.providers, etc., but if you feel compelled to do so, please choose .misc as announcements are of interest to both providers and users (and those who wear both hats).
• Submit it to the maintainers of various catalogs, such as the WWW Virtual Library (at the URL http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html) and the ALIWEB index (at the URL http://web.nexor.co.uk/aliweb/doc/aliweb.html).

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5.5: Can I buy space on an existing server?

Yes, you can. A list of sites offering WWW space for lease is available (at the URL http://ginko.cecer.army.mil:8000/hypernews/www-leasing.html).

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5.6.1: How do I set up a clickable image map?

There are really two issues here: how to indicate in HTML that you want an image to be clickable, and how to configure your server to do something with the clicks returned by Mosaic, Chimera, and other clients capable of delivering them.

You can read about image maps and the NCSA server at the URL http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/setup/admin/Imagemap.html.

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5.6.2: How do I make a "link" that doesn't load a new page?

Such links are useful when a form is intended to perform some action on the server machine without sending new information to the client, or when a user has clicked in an undefined area in an image map; these are just two possibilities.

Rob McCool of NCSA provided the following wisdom on the subject:

Yechezkal-Shimon Gutfreund ([email protected]) wrote:
: Ok, here is another bizzare request from me:

: I am currently running scripts which I "DO NOT" want to return
: any visible result. That is, not text/plain, not text/HTML, not
: image/gif. The entire results are the side effects of the
: script and nothing should be returned to the viewer.

: It would be nice to have an internally supported null viewer
: so that I could do this, more "cleanly" (ok, ok, I hear your groans).

HTTP now supports a response code of 204, which is no operation. Some browsers such as Mosaic/X 2.* support it. To use it, make your script a nph script and output an HTTP/1.0 204 header. Something like:

HTTP/1.0 204 No response Server: Myscript/NCSA httpd 1.1

(You can learn more about nph scripts from the NCSA server documentation at the URL http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs.) Essentially they are scripts that handle their own HTTP response codes.

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5.6.3: Where can I learn how to create fill-out forms?

You can read about the Common Gateway Interface (at the URL http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu:80/cgi/). In addition to documenting the standard interface for which scripts can now be written for both NCSA and CERN-derived servers, these pages also cover HTML forms and how to handle the results on the server side.

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5.6.3.1: How can I create hidden fields in forms (keeping state)?

Use INPUT TYPE=hidden. An example:

<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=state VALUE="hidden info to be returned with form">

By now, most if not all browsers can handle the hidden type. Note that "hidden" doesn't mean "secret"; the user can always click on "view source".

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5.6.4: How do I comment an HTML document?

Use the <!-- tag at the beginning of EACH line commented out; close this for EACH line with the --> tag. Note that comments do not nest, and the sequence "--" may not appear inside a comment except as part of the closing --> tag.

You should not try to use this to "comment out" HTML that would otherwise be shown to the user, since some browsers (notably Mosaic) will still pay attention to tags inside the comment and close it prematurely.

Thanks to Joe English for clearing up this issue.

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5.6.5: How can I create decent-looking tables and stop using <PRE>... </PRE>?

Tables are a standard feature in HTML Level 3, a new version of HTML. Unfortunately, they are at present implemented only by the Viola and Emacs-W3 browsers, to my knowledge.

However, there is a way to use HTML Level 3 tables now and convert them automatically to HTML, allowing you to design proper tables and install those pages directly when table support arrives in the majority of clients. You can do this using the html+tables package, by Brooks Cutter ([email protected]), which is available for anonymous ftp from sunsite.unc.edu in the directory pub/packages/infosystems/WWW/tools/html+tables.shar. This package requires the shell language Perl, which is primarily used on Unix systems but is also available for other systems (such as MSDOS machines). html+tables accepts HTML Level 3 and outputs html using the <PRE>...</PRE> construct to represent tables, allowing you to write HTML Level 3 now, knowing that it will look better when clients are ready for it.

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5.6.6: What is HTML Level 3 and where can I learn more about it?

HTML Level 3, also known as HTML+, is an enhanced version of HTML designed to address some of the limitations of HTML. HTML Level 3 supports true tables, right-justified text, centered text, line breaks that do not double space, and many other desired features.

However, most clients support only a handful of HTML Level 3 features (such as forms in Mosaic) at this time.

To learn more about HTML Level 3, you can examine a draft specification for it (at the URL ftp://ds.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-raggett-www-html-00.txt) or a Postscript version of the same draft (at the URL ftp://ds.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-raggett-www-html-00.ps). You can also access information about new developments in HTML at the CERN server (at the URL http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Markup/Markup.html).

(HTML Level 1 is the original version. HTML Level 2 is essentially the same, but with the addition of forms.)

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5.6.7: How can I make transparent GIFs?

Transparent GIFs are useful because they appear to blend in smoothly with the user's display, even if the user has set a background color that differs from that the developer expected.

There is a document explaining transparent GIFs available at the URL http://melmac.harris-atd.com/transparent_images.html. You can fetch the program giftrans by anonymous ftp from ftp.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de at the path /pub/net/www/tools/giftrans.c.

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5.6.8: How come mailto: URLs don't work?

The mailto: URL is an innovation found in Lynx and a few other browsers. It is not yet found in Mosaic, the most popular browser. Hopefully it will be present in future versions. In the meantime, you can set up forms which send mail to you; there is documentation on this at the URL http://siva.cshl.org/email/index.html.

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5.6.9: How can I restrict and control access to my server?

All major servers have features that allow you to limit access to particular sites, and many clients have authentication features that allow you to identify specific users. There is a tutorial on security and user authentication with the NCSA server and Mosaic available, written by Marc Andreessen (URL is http://wintermute.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/auth-tutorial/tutorial.html). See your server documentation for further information.

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5.6.10: Which format is better for WWW image purposes, JPEG or GIF?

JPEG does a better job with realistic images such as scanned photographs. Most browsers cannot handle inline JPEGs, however, so you must link to them as external images (using a regular <A HREF...> instead of <IMG SRC...>.

GIF does a better job with crisp, sharp images, such as those typically used to construct buttons, graphs and the like. All browsers that can display graphics at all can display GIFs inline.

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5.6.11: How can I mirror part of another server?

Scripts are available to do this, but at this time they are not very friendly to the server you are attempting to mirror; their behavior resembles that of the more poorly written WWW robots. If you are trying to improve access times to a distant server, you will likely find the "proxy" capabilities of CERN's WWW server to be a more effective and general solution to your problem.

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6: Законность MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS

MS-DOS FOR WINDOWS является полностью законным проектом. Автор проекта занимается продажей копий программы, которая является его личной интеллектуальной собственностью. Мы не продаем MS-DOS, мы продаём программу установки этой системы, а также настройки к ней. Мы честно платим налоги и не нарушаем закон.

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7: I want to know more

To find out more, use the web. This FAQ hopefully provides enough information for you to locate and install a browser on your system. If you have system specific questions regarding FTP, networking and the like, please consult newsgroups relevant to your particular hardware and operating system!

Once you're up and running, you may wish to consult the World Wide Web Primer by Nathan Torkington. It is available at the URL http://www.vuw.ac.nz/who/Nathan.Torkington/ideas/www-primer.html.

Later you may return to this FAQ for answers to some of the more advanced questions. I encourage you to check out the changes listed early in the document each time the FAQ appears.

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8: Credits

• Thomas Boutell [email protected]
• Nathan Torkington [email protected]
• Marc Andreessen [email protected]
• Tony Johnson

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